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QMT

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QMT — programming languages tool with Python support.

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About This Skill

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# QMT(迅投量化交易终端)

QMT(Quant Market Trading)是迅投科技开发的专业量化交易平台。提供完整的桌面客户端,内置Python策略开发、回测引擎和实盘交易功能,支持中国证券市场全品种。

> ⚠️ 需要通过券商开通QMT权限。QMT仅在Windows上运行。可通过国金、华鑫、中泰、东方财富等券商获取。

两种运行模式

| 模式 | 说明 | |---|---| | QMT(完整版) | 完整桌面GUI,内置Python编辑器、图表和回测引擎 | | miniQMT | 极简模式 — 通过外部Python使用xtquant SDK(参见 `miniqmt` skill) |

内置Python策略框架

QMT提供事件驱动策略框架,内置Python运行时(类似聚宽/米筐)。

策略生命周期

```python def init(ContextInfo): """初始化函数 - 策略启动时调用一次,用于设置股票池和参数""" ContextInfo.set_universe(['000001.SZ', '600519.SH'])

def handlebar(ContextInfo): """K线处理函数 - 每根K线触发一次(tick/1m/5m/1d等),在此编写交易逻辑""" close = ContextInfo.get_market_data(['close'], stock_code='000001.SZ', period='1d', count=20) # 在此编写交易逻辑

def stop(ContextInfo): """停止函数 - 策略停止时调用""" pass ```

获取行情数据(内置)

```python def handlebar(ContextInfo): # 获取最近20根K线的收盘价 data = ContextInfo.get_market_data( ['open', 'high', 'low', 'close', 'volume'], stock_code='000001.SZ', period='1d', count=20 )

# 获取历史数据 history = ContextInfo.get_history_data( 20, '1d', 'close', stock_code='000001.SZ' )

# 获取板块股票列表 stocks = ContextInfo.get_stock_list_in_sector('沪深A股')

# 获取财务数据 fin = ContextInfo.get_financial_data('000001.SZ') ```

下单(内置)

```python def handlebar(ContextInfo): # 限价买入100股,价格11.50 order_shares('000001.SZ', 100, 'fix', 11.50, ContextInfo)

# 限价卖出100股,价格12.00 order_shares('000001.SZ', -100, 'fix', 12.00, ContextInfo)

# 按目标金额买入(10万元) order_target_value('000001.SZ', 100000, 'fix', 11.50, ContextInfo)

# 撤单 cancel('order_id', ContextInfo) ```

查询持仓与账户

```python def handlebar(ContextInfo): # 获取持仓信息 positions = get_trade_detail_data('your_account', 'stock', 'position') for pos in positions: print(pos.m_strInstrumentID, pos.m_nVolume, pos.m_dMarketValue)

# 获取委托信息 orders = get_trade_detail_data('your_account', 'stock', 'order')

# 获取账户资产信息 account = get_trade_detail_data('your_account', 'stock', 'account') ```

回测

QMT内置回测引擎:

  1. 在内置Python编辑器中编写策略
  2. 设置回测参数(日期范围、初始资金、手续费、滑点)
  3. 点击"运行回测"
  4. 查看结果:资金曲线、最大回撤、夏普比率、交易记录

回测参数设置

```python def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.capital = 1000000 # 初始资金 ContextInfo.set_commission(0.0003) # 手续费率 ContextInfo.set_slippage(0.01) # 滑点 ContextInfo.set_benchmark('000300.SH') # 基准指数 ```

完整示例:双均线策略

```python import numpy as np

def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.stock = '000001.SZ' ContextInfo.set_universe([ContextInfo.stock]) ContextInfo.fast = 5 # 快速均线周期 ContextInfo.slow = 20 # 慢速均线周期

def handlebar(ContextInfo): stock = ContextInfo.stock # 获取最近slow+1根K线的收盘价 closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(ContextInfo.slow + 1, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock)

if len(closes) < ContextInfo.slow: return # 数据不足,跳过

# 计算当前和前一根K线的快慢均线值 ma_fast = np.mean(closes[-ContextInfo.fast:]) ma_slow = np.mean(closes[-ContextInfo.slow:]) prev_fast = np.mean(closes[-ContextInfo.fast-1:-1]) prev_slow = np.mean(closes[-ContextInfo.slow-1:-1])

# 查询当前持仓 positions = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'position') holding = any(p.m_strInstrumentID == stock and p.m_nVolume > 0 for p in positions)

# 金叉信号:快速均线上穿慢速均线,买入 if prev_fast <= prev_slow and ma_fast > ma_slow and not holding: order_shares(stock, 1000, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo)

# 死叉信号:快速均线下穿慢速均线,卖出 elif prev_fast >= prev_slow and ma_fast < ma_slow and holding: order_shares(stock, -1000, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo) ```

数据覆盖范围

| 类别 | 内容 | |---|---| | 股票 | A股(沪、深、北交所)、港股通 | | 指数 | 所有主要指数 | | 期货 | 中金所、上期所、大商所、郑商所、能源中心、广期所 | | 期权 | ETF期权、股票期权、商品期权 | | ETF | 所有交易所交易基金 | | 债券 | 可转债、国债 | | 周期 | Tick、1分钟、5分钟、15分钟、30分钟、1小时、日、周、月 | | Level 2 | 逐笔委托、逐笔成交(取决于券商权限) | | 财务 | 资产负债表、利润表、现金流量表、关键指标 |

QMT vs miniQMT vs Ptrade 对比

| 特性 | QMT | miniQMT | Ptrade | |---|---|---|---| | 厂商 | 迅投科技 | 迅投科技 | 恒生电子 | | Python | 内置(版本受限) | 外部(任意版本) | 内置(版本受限) | | 界面 | 完整GUI | 极简 | 完整(网页端) | | 回测 | 内置 | 需自行实现 | 内置 | | 部署 | 本地 | 本地 | 券商服务器(云端) | | 外网访问 | 支持 | 支持 | 不支持(仅内网) |

使用技巧

  • QMT仅在Windows上运行。
  • 内置Python版本由QMT固定,无法安装任意pip包。
  • 如需不受限的Python环境,使用miniQMT模式配合`xtquant` SDK。
  • 策略文件存储在QMT安装目录中。
  • 文档:http://dict.thinktrader.net/freshman/rookie.html
  • 也支持VBA接口用于Excel集成。

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进阶示例

多股票轮动策略

```python import numpy as np

def init(ContextInfo): # 设置股票池:银行龙头股 ContextInfo.stock_pool = ['601398.SH', '601939.SH', '601288.SH', '600036.SH', '601166.SH'] ContextInfo.set_universe(ContextInfo.stock_pool) ContextInfo.hold_num = 2 # 最多持有2只股票

def handlebar(ContextInfo): # 计算每只股票的20日收益率 momentum = {} for stock in ContextInfo.stock_pool: closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(21, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock) if len(closes) >= 21: ret = (closes[-1] - closes[0]) / closes[0] # 20日收益率 momentum[stock] = ret

# 按动量排序,选择前N只股票 sorted_stocks = sorted(momentum.items(), key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True) target_stocks = [s[0] for s in sorted_stocks[:ContextInfo.hold_num]]

# 获取当前持仓 positions = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'position') holding = {p.m_strInstrumentID: p.m_nVolume for p in positions if p.m_nVolume > 0}

# 卖出不在目标列表中的股票 for stock, vol in holding.items(): if stock not in target_stocks: closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(1, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock) if len(closes) > 0: order_shares(stock, -vol, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo)

# 买入目标股票 account = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'account') if account: cash = account[0].m_dAvailable per_stock_cash = cash / ContextInfo.hold_num # 等权分配 for stock in target_stocks: if stock not in holding: closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(1, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock) if len(closes) > 0 and closes[-1] > 0: vol = int(per_stock_cash / closes[-1] / 100) * 100 # 向下取整到整手 if vol >= 100: order_shares(stock, vol, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo) ```

RSI策略

```python import numpy as np

def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.stock = '000001.SZ' ContextInfo.set_universe([ContextInfo.stock]) ContextInfo.rsi_period = 14 # RSI周期 ContextInfo.oversold = 30 # 超卖阈值 ContextInfo.overbought = 70 # 超买阈值

def handlebar(ContextInfo): stock = ContextInfo.stock closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(ContextInfo.rsi_period + 2, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock)

if len(closes) < ContextInfo.rsi_period + 1: return

# 计算RSI deltas = np.diff(closes) gains = np.where(deltas > 0, deltas, 0) losses = np.where(deltas < 0, -deltas, 0) avg_gain = np.mean(gains[-ContextInfo.rsi_period:]) avg_loss = np.mean(losses[-ContextInfo.rsi_period:])

if avg_loss == 0: rsi = 100 else: rs = avg_gain / avg_loss rsi = 100 - (100 / (1 + rs))

# 查询持仓 positions = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'position') holding = any(p.m_strInstrumentID == stock and p.m_nVolume > 0 for p in positions)

# RSI超卖 — 买入 if rsi < ContextInfo.oversold and not holding: order_shares(stock, 1000, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo)

# RSI超买 — 卖出 elif rsi > ContextInfo.overbought and holding: order_shares(stock, -1000, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo) ```

布林带策略

```python import numpy as np

def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.stock = '600519.SH' ContextInfo.set_universe([ContextInfo.stock]) ContextInfo.boll_period = 20 # 布林带周期 ContextInfo.boll_std = 2 # 标准差倍数

def handlebar(ContextInfo): stock = ContextInfo.stock closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(ContextInfo.boll_period + 1, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock)

if len(closes) < ContextInfo.boll_period: return

# 计算布林带 recent = closes[-ContextInfo.boll_period:] mid = np.mean(recent) # 中轨 std = np.std(recent) # 标准差 upper = mid + ContextInfo.boll_std * std # 上轨 lower = mid - ContextInfo.boll_std * std # 下轨 price = closes[-1] # 当前价格

positions = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'position') holding = any(p.m_strInstrumentID == stock and p.m_nVolume > 0 for p in positions)

# 价格触及下轨 — 买入 if price <= lower and not holding: order_shares(stock, 1000, 'fix', price, ContextInfo)

# 价格触及上轨 — 卖出 elif price >= upper and holding: order_shares(stock, -1000, 'fix', price, ContextInfo) ```

定时任务

```python def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.stock = '000001.SZ' ContextInfo.set_universe([ContextInfo.stock])

def handlebar(ContextInfo): import datetime now = ContextInfo.get_bar_timetag(ContextInfo.barpos) dt = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(now / 1000) # 仅在每変14:50执行调仓逻辑 if dt.hour == 14 and dt.minute == 50: pass # 执行调仓 ```

常见错误处理

| 错误 | 原因 | 解决方法 | |------|------|----------| | 账户未登录 | QMT未连接券商 | 检查QMT登录状态,确认券商账户已连接 | | 委托失败 | 资金不足或超出涨跌停 | 检查可用资金和委托价格 | | 数据为空 | 股票代码错误或停牌 | 校验代码格式(如`000001.SZ`),检查是否停牌 | | Python版本不兼容 | 内置Python版本受限 | 改用miniQMT模式 | | 策略运行缓慢 | 数据量过大 | 减少`get_history_data`的count参数 |

内置函数参考

行情数据函数

| 函数 | 说明 | 返回值 | |------|------|--------| | `ContextInfo.get_market_data(fields, stock_code, period, count)` | 获取K线数据 | dict/DataFrame | | `ContextInfo.get_history_data(count, period, field, stock_code)` | 获取历史数据序列 | list | | `ContextInfo.get_stock_list_in_sector(sector)` | 获取板块成分股 | list | | `ContextInfo.get_financial_data(stock_code)` | 获取财务数据 | dict | | `ContextInfo.get_instrument_detail(stock_code)` | 获取合约详情 | dict | | `ContextInfo.get_full_tick(stock_list)` | 获取全推行情快照 | dict |

交易函数

| 函数 | 说明 | |------|------| | `order_shares(code, volume, style, price, ContextInfo)` | 按股数下单(正买负卖) | | `order_target_value(code, value, style, price, ContextInfo)` | 按目标市值下单 | | `order_lots(code, lots, style, price, ContextInfo)` | 按手数下单 | | `order_percent(code, percent, style, price, ContextInfo)` | 按组合比例下单 | | `cancel(order_id, ContextInfo)` | 撤单 | | `get_trade_detail_data(account, market, data_type)` | 查询交易数据 |

交易数据类型

| data_type | 说明 | 常用字段 | |-----------|------|----------| | `'position'` | 持仓 | `m_strInstrumentID`(代码), `m_nVolume`(数量), `m_dMarketValue`(市值) | | `'order'` | 委托 | `m_strOrderSysID`(委托号), `m_nVolumeTraded`(成交量), `m_dLimitPrice`(委托价) | | `'deal'` | 成交 | `m_strTradeID`(成交号), `m_dPrice`(成交价), `m_nVolume`(成交量) | | `'account'` | 账户 | `m_dAvailable`(可用资金), `m_dBalance`(总资产), `m_dMarketValue`(持仓市值) |

进阶示例:MACD策略

```python import numpy as np

def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.stock = '600519.SH' ContextInfo.set_universe([ContextInfo.stock])

def handlebar(ContextInfo): stock = ContextInfo.stock closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(60, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock) if len(closes) < 35: return closes = np.array(closes, dtype=float)

def ema(data, period): result = np.zeros_like(data) result[0] = data[0] k = 2 / (period + 1) for i in range(1, len(data)): result[i] = data[i] * k + result[i-1] * (1 - k) return result

ema12 = ema(closes, 12) ema26 = ema(closes, 26) dif = ema12 - ema26 dea = ema(dif, 9)

positions = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'position') holding = any(p.m_strInstrumentID == stock and p.m_nVolume > 0 for p in positions)

# 金叉:DIF上穿DEA if dif[-2] <= dea[-2] and dif[-1] > dea[-1] and not holding: order_shares(stock, 1000, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo) # 死叉:DIF下穿DEA elif dif[-2] >= dea[-2] and dif[-1] < dea[-1] and holding: order_shares(stock, -1000, 'fix', closes[-1], ContextInfo) ```

进阶示例:止盈止损策略

```python import numpy as np

def init(ContextInfo): ContextInfo.stock = '000001.SZ' ContextInfo.set_universe([ContextInfo.stock]) ContextInfo.entry_price = 0 ContextInfo.stop_loss = 0.05 # 止损5% ContextInfo.take_profit = 0.10 # 止盈10%

def handlebar(ContextInfo): stock = ContextInfo.stock closes = ContextInfo.get_history_data(21, '1d', 'close', stock_code=stock) if len(closes) < 21: return price = closes[-1] ma20 = np.mean(closes[-20:])

positions = get_trade_detail_data(ContextInfo.accID, 'stock', 'position') pos = None for p in positions: if p.m_strInstrumentID == stock and p.m_nVolume > 0: pos = p break

if pos is None: if price > ma20: order_shares(stock, 1000, 'fix', price, ContextInfo) ContextInfo.entry_price = price else: if ContextInfo.entry_price > 0: pnl = (price - ContextInfo.entry_price) / ContextInfo.entry_price if pnl <= -ContextInfo.stop_loss: order_shares(stock, -pos.m_nVolume, 'fix', price, ContextInfo) ContextInfo.entry_price = 0 elif pnl >= ContextInfo.take_profit: order_shares(stock, -pos.m_nVolume, 'fix', price, ContextInfo) ContextInfo.entry_price = 0 ```

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社区与支持

大佬量化 (BossQuant) 维护 — 量化交易教学与策略研发团队。

微信客服: bossquant1 · Bilibili · 搜索 大佬量化 — 微信公众号 / Bilibili / 抖音

Use Cases

  • Generate professional written content tailored to specific requirements
  • Interact with external APIs for data retrieval and service integration
  • Fetch and analyze pricing data from markets and exchanges
  • Analyze market data and trading opportunities
  • Manage and configure Raspberry Pi devices remotely

Pros & Cons

Pros

  • +Well-structured approach ensures consistent and reliable results
  • +Integrates smoothly into existing workflows
  • +Clear documentation makes it easy to get started and integrate

Cons

  • -Focused scope means it may not cover edge cases outside its primary use case
  • -May require adaptation for non-standard project configurations

FAQ

What does QMT do?
QMT — programming languages tool with Python support.
What platforms support QMT?
QMT is available on Claude Code, OpenClaw.
What are the use cases for QMT?
Generate professional written content tailored to specific requirements. Interact with external APIs for data retrieval and service integration. Fetch and analyze pricing data from markets and exchanges.

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